C-D

C

C SIZES: Paper sizes - the C series within the ISO International paper sizes range, and relates to envelopes or folders suitable for enclosing stationery in the A sizes.

CALENDER: Process used to compact paper fibres and to impart a smooth finish by passing paper through a series of polished steel rolls with chilled surfaces. Rolls can be individually controlled to maintain desired smoothness, gloss and caliper of sheet.

CALENDER ROLLS: Stack or set of horizontal metal rolls used to produce the required smoothness and finish to paper. Rolls are located at the dry end of a paper machine.

CALIPER: Measure of a paper's thickness - expressed in thousandths of an inch.

CARTRIDGE: Tough, opaque paper, sometimes a cream shade with a rough surface. Used principally for guard books, large envelopes, drawing and offset printing.CBS1    96 gsm paper, suitable for use in MICR readers and approved by the clearing banks. CBS2 85 gsm paper, suitable for optical reading devices, and approved by the clearing banks.

CF SPOT PROCESS: Partial transfer of carbon inks printed using letterpress, dry offset or flexographic printing processes and special ink. For use when copy of small area od form is required. Inks should only be printed on standard uncoated grades of paper.

CHEMICAL MATED [CF] [CFB] Carbon paper term. [coated front] [coated front-and-back]

CHEMICAL WOOD PULP made from chipped wood, treated with chemicals to remove non-cellulose materials when it can then be used in better grade of wood pulp papers. Improves qualities of mechanical pulp when chemical wood pulp is mixed with better grade wood pulp.

CHEQUE PAPER Chemically treated paper process to highlight tampering with writing on cheques.   Safety paper.

CHINA CLAY: Fine white clay used in papermaking for loading and coating.

CHLORINE-FREE [PAPER]  Paper pulp bleaching process which does not use organic chlorine compounds, but uses such materials as oxygen peroxide. This is a more environmentally friendly process.

CLAY COATING: treatment of paper to improve smoothness and opacity.

COATED PAPER: Process during manufacture to decrease porosity and absorbency and improve printability and appearance. Paper has undergone sizing and calendering and the coating consists of finely divided pigments and water based bind. [calender]

COMPRESSIBILITY: Paper grade. If paper is too strongly compressed it will not be suitable for printing forms, as it will not have the correct runnability and will not absorb ink quickly enough therefore calendered papers only used in special circumstances.

CONTROL PUNCHING: Series of holes running parallel to edge of paper web. Used to control paper movement in manufacturing, or forms writing machine, burster or end-user equipment. 

CONVERTING: Process of changing physical form of paper.

COTTON FIBRE CONTENT PAPER: Paper containing cottob fibre using 25, 50, 75 or 100% cotton. Suitable for letterheads, stock certificate pages, onionskin copies and index cards.

CURL Waviness or rolling effect which sometimes occurs at edge of sheet of paper. Associated with improper moisture balance in sheet, uneven drying as sheet comes off press, fibre orientation within sheet, improper refining of pulp or mechanical stress.

D

DANDY ROLL  Wire gauze cylinder on papermaking machine. Comes into contact with paper whilst wet. Used to impress watermarks.

DE-INKING PROCESS Removal of printing inks from recycled paper fibres.

DECKLE Width of web [width of paper making machine] this is limited by deckle straps.

DECKLE EDGE Feathery edge feature of handmade or mould made paper, produced by the frame of mould. [Double deckle edge - the same effect but on both sides of sheet] 

DEPTH  Measurement of a form around the printing cylinder. When quoting form sizes, always quote in depth first i.e. 11' x 15.5' [11' is the depth].

DIMENSIONAL STABILITY Paper ability to withstand stress during production and retain dimensions in all directions even under adverse environmental conditions.

DRY GUM   Dry-gummed paper which glues when wet - also referred to as flatsam or pancake.

DULL-COATED PAPER Paper which is coated and has an embossed finish, having been supercalendered. Exhibits low gloss and high ink holdout. Suitable for high quality colour reproduction with minimal paper gloss.

DUPLEX PAPER Two qualities or colours of paper which are combined in wet state during the paper making process.